try 2 MA and 5 MA
How to manage my time effectively ?
Sleep by 10.45pm.
Focus - no distraction
control GERD
Memorise One Bible verse per day.
Diet
Exercise
Pumping
Dumdbell curl
Reverse Dips
Free Squat
Leg Raises
patient is the most overlook
christian book on calm and expect less
Qigong breathing exercise all the times
No Gossip, No meddle on other people business
做一个心平气和的人 - Live in Peace, not excitement
More choices
Positive self talk
gamblers lost money due to increasing the betting amount, because the probability is always the same, so cannot have poor money management, money management is most vital, don't suddenly up the bet, no logic.
learn from Uncle Lim more, but don't follow blindly, use my creativity to create new method.
value, what value you can offer, what value people see in you, what value people attract to you. to avoid disappoitment, don't expect too much from others.
Faith:
want perfection ? stupid, no perfection in this world, looking for stress and trouble, open the heart and accept anythings, be kind to yourself and others, be open don't sad and angry, take it easy.
love come from heart, feeling, don't come from talk, feel the love.
Emotion must use heart to feel not by speech
don't expect too much from others, lower your expectation on others. but have to set very high standard for myself. then I will strive hard to achieve it. because I can't control others, but I can control myself.
Health:
Mental:
value, what you can give, always give don't always expect to received. why people must be good to you ? why ? what can you give them, if they see value in you then they will help you or good to you. don't be stupid to expect return without value.
why a person is so loved, because of certain qualities he/she possessed.
trade off - to obtain somethings you need to give up some, some must calculate the trade off.
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
Neuro-linguistic programming
Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) is a set of techniques and beliefs that adherents use primarily as an approach to psychotherapy, healing, communication and personal development. Critics say that NLP is pseudoscientific and is promoted using fake jargon and exaggerated claims characteristic of fraud and charlatanry. NLP methods include the use of visualization, affirmations, guided fantasy, ritual, trance states, hypnosis, and specific body language such as posture and eye movements.
NLP was proposed in 1973 by Richard Bandler and John Grinder as a set of models and principles to describe the relationship between mind (neuro) and language (linguistic, both verbal and non-verbal) and how their interaction might be organized (programming) to affect an individual's mind, body and behavior. It is described by the original developers as "therapeutic magic" and "the study of the structure of subjective experience" . It is predicated upon the assumption that all behaviours have a practically determinable structure.
NLP is based on New Age beliefs in unlimited potential and the access to subconscious engrams, and body language cues derived from the observation of “therapeutic wizards”. Techniques include behavior change, transforming beliefs, and treatment of traumas through techniques such as reframing and "meta modeling" proposed for exploring the personal limits of belief as expressed in language. NLP has been applied to a number of fields such as sales, psychotherapy, communication, education, coaching, sport, business management, interpersonal relationships, seduction, occult and spirituality.
Professors Sharpley, Druckman, and the National Research Council have criticised NLP in research reviews which conclude that its claims are unsupported and that it has failed to show its claimed efficacy in controlled studies. Several reviews have characterized NLP as pseudoscientific and mass-marketed psychobabble. NLP is identified by many scientists as charlatanry and fraudulent as a dubious therapy and a cult described by Winkin and is promoted in the same mold as Dianetics and Scientology. Beyerstein, Lilienfeld, and Eisner report that there is much concern about government and business organizations being duped into adopting NLP and other non-supported therapies due to lack of scientific awareness.
Hunt, a sociologist, characterizes NLP as a development with implied religiosity in the healing/self-development field and states that NLP is “an alternative to Scientology". Barrett states that NLP "is used by some religions, and NLP as a philoshopy does exhibit some characteristics which are sometimes found in some religions, but overall the balance comes down against it being labelled as a religion". Hunt states “While not an alternative religion per se” NLP can be seen as “similar to new religions of eastern origin that trace themselves back through a progression of gurus, and to esoteric movements claiming the authority of authenticity through their descent from previous movements". Winkin (1990) also says that NLP is like a religion .
Psychologists Beyerstein and Lilienfeld, characterize NLP as a New Age therapy. Devilly, professor of psychology considers NLP to be an "alphabet" or "power therapy" similar to Thought Field Therapy or Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, Emotional Freedom Technique and Traumatic Incident Reduction.
Distinct from its formal presuppositions, NLP incorporates a variety of foundational assumptions that precede the presuppositions. These are:
1.There is a mind-body connection
2.The mind is broadly composed of a conscious and a subconscious (or unconscious) component.
3.A person's experience of the world is processed and organized exclusively in terms of the five senses
4.Physiology, sensory representation ("submodality") and emotion comprise internal state
5.Behavior is the result of systematically ordered sequences of sensory representations ("strategies")
6.All behavior occurs in the context of internal state.
7.Internal state mediates experience and influences or determines behavior.
8.Internal state and strategy — hence behavior — have a discernible and communicable structure .
9.People exhibit their internal state in their language (verbal and non-verbal) .
10.Since behavior and its substrates — internal state and strategy — can be codified, a person's skill can be reproduced in another person
11.Behavior is learned
12.Direct and objective knowledge of the (external) world is not possible (you create your own reality.
Robert Dilts says that "NLP is theoretically rooted in neurology, psychophysiology, linguistics, cybernetics and communication theory". Other NLP proponents say it is not based on theory, it is based on modeling (and Richard Bandler states that he does not "do theory"). Singer states that "the process involves pretending that a model works, trying it, then if you don’t get results, discard it and try something else". Dilts et al. state that NLP is more interested in what works than what is true. Corballis states that "NLP is a thoroughly fake title, designed to give the impression of scientific respectability. NLP has little to do with neurology, linguistics, or even the respectable subdiscipline of neurolinguistics".
A NLP practitioner may, after observing a person's behaviours, develop a theory of what a person is doing. When they have observed a pattern in a person's behaviour, this could be considered their theory. NLP trainers says not to let a pre-existing "general" theory or belief affect the observation of what is actually going on now. Singer says that NLP proponents make hypotheses and propose armchair theories. For example, NLP assumes that all human behaviour is neurological, and all human behaviour is based on the 5 senses, rather than attitudes, reason, emotions, mind, morals or ego. According to research reviews, the main tenets of NLP has been found to be conceptually erroneous and false.
Explaining the neuro in NLP in relation to V-K modalities
All NLP literature refers to the altering of one's neurology through the neural pathways of the senses and the neural circuits of the brain. Most current NLP literature mentions no more than the reprogramming of mental habits and associations. However, the Engram is used within NLP to explain how NLP works. Practitioners such as Derks, Singer, and Goldblatt theorize that NLP processes can be explained through the neurological concepts of programming and reprogramming engrams. According to Derks, NLP anchors are conditioned stimuli which work by activating engrams in the subconscious. Within NLP, Engrams are proposed "to give a patterned response which has been stabilized at the level of unconscious competence"
Hemispheric differences (brain lateralization) is used to support assumptions in NLP. Robert Dilts propose eye movements (and sometimes gestures) correspond to visual/auditory/kinesthetic representations systems and to the specific regions in the brain. For example, the left side is said to be more logical/analytical than the right side, which is said to be more creative/imaginative or that regions of the brain are specialised for certain functions such as mathematics or language.
Meta model (NLP): Questions and challenges designed to gather specific information.
Representational systems: In this model, human thinking can be reduced to ordered sequences of Visual, Auditory and Kinesthetic representations. Also, a person's choice of words, use of gestures, eye movements and other subtle changes reveal information about people organise their thinking
Milton model Artfully vague language that is considered to be the inverse of the meta model
Circle of excellence: Imagining "your own magic circle on the ground in front of you", filling it with symbols and archetypes of choice, in order to banish negativity and enhance positive thinking for use in any NLP situation
Anchoring: Resourceful states from the past are recalled and a bridge is created for those resource to be available in future contexts
Perceptual positions: A situation is considered from different points of view or different descriptions are created of the same event. E.g a situation is considered from the perspective of self, other, neutral observer, God's eye view etc.
Logical levels / logical types: Ordering information into different by type. * Neurological levels: Categorisation of information into a hierarchies consisting of environment, behavior, competency, belief/value, identity and or spirituality (purpose). Sometimes associated with the chakras with spirit linked to the crown chakra.
Visual / kinesthetic dissociation: A process to reduce the negative feeling associated to a memory
Rapport: Mirroring or matching somebody's verbal (for example, sensory predicates) and non-verbal behavior (gestures, movements, eye movements) in an attempt to gain their willing unconscious attention
Submodalities: Deliberately changing the size, brightness, movement of internal images in an attempt to alter the impact of those images
Swish pattern: A quick fix technique that involves repetitively pushing away negative mental imagery and pulling forward positive imagery using body language and saying "SWISSSHHH" in order to affect a behaviour change
NLP modeling is a method that is promoted for duplicating behaviour, expertise or excellence, or reproducing "magic" abilities of experts. It is considered by Grinder to be at the heart of NLP. It can be thought of as the process of discovering relevant distinctions within these experiential components, as well as sequencing these components, aiming to achieve a specific result. NLP proponents claim that it is used to discover and codify patterns of excellence as demonstrated consistently by top performers in any field. For example, Dilts states that psychic states of consciousness can be modelled by changing the sense sequence (instead of getting feelings from what you see, generate images from what you feel). NLP modeling has also been applied to clinical conditions, such as the "skill" of schizophrenia and notable people of whom we have only writings, such as Jesus of Nazareth and Sherlock Holmes. It has been argued that modeling from writings is unverifiable (both within and outside NLP).
Presuppositional beliefs
The presuppositional beliefs or presuppositions of NLP are sometimes described as an epistemology]. A presupposition (linguistic term) is a background belief that is treated by the NLP practitioner "as if" it were literally true.
The fundamental presuppositions in NLP include:
The map is not the territory - The process by which we create of perceptions and repond to the word distort, generalise, delete portions of our experience. These filters occur even before we are first aware of them (for example, a typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from 400 to 700 nm).
Life and 'Mind' are Systemic Processes
These presuppositional beliefs are considered groundbreaking by NLP proponents because of a contradiction with the modern scientific Aristotelian view that reality can be objectively measured], and the psychoanalyst view is that the presuppositions upon which NLP are founded are not valid,
The other commonly related presuppositional beliefs are derived from the these two fundamental presuppositions. Some researchers consider the NLP presuppositional beliefs of unlimited resource and the positive intention behind every behaviour to be ultimately spiritual in nature.
The B.A.G.E.L. Model specifies the five elements (in mnemonic form) that purportedly comprise the behavioral cues that indicate an individual's internal processes. The B.A.G.E.L. Model is predicated on the notion that internal processes are subjectively represented in sensory terms: visually, auditory, kinesthetically and least likely, olfactory and gustatory.
1.Body posture (eg. leaning back, head upwards and shallow breathing indicates visual representation)
2.Accessing cues (eg. fluctuating voice tone and tempo indicates auditory representation)
3.Gestures (eg. gesturing below the neck indicates kinesthetic representation)
4.Eye movements (See Eye accessing cues and the representational systems below)
5.Language patterns (specifically sensory based, eg. "I see!", "Sounds right!" or "I feel that...") .
Eye accessing cues of NLP (for a normally organized right-hander)
A core NLP training exercise involves learning to calibrate eye movements patterns with internal representations. According to NLP developers, this core tenet loosely relates to the VAK guidelines below:
Visual: eyes up to left or right according to dominant hemisphere access; high or shallow breathing; muscle tension in neck; high pitched/nasal voice tone; phrases such as “I can imagine the big picture”.
Auditory: eyes left or right; even breathing from diaphragm; even or rhythmic muscle tension; clear midrange voice tone, sometimes tapping or whistling; phrases such as “Let's tone down the discussion”.
Kinesthetic: eyes down left or right; belly breathing and sighing; relaxed musculature; slow voice tone with long pauses; phrases such as “I can grasp a hold of it”
According to Dilts and, Lewis and Pucelik a person’s body type corresponds to their thinking style and their body type will be shaped by their thinking style. A tense thin body with protruding eyes, protruding chin, stiff jerky movements, tight lips and nasal speech are characteristic of a visually oriented person. A full soft body, big soft lips, and slow speech is characteristic of a kinesthetic person, and an auditory person is somewhere in between. NLP theory explains these breathing and mental processing according to the varying levels of chemical composition in the blood that affects the brain, and “Visual” people tend to be fast visual thinkers and can seem untrustworthy to “kinesthetic” thinkers because thinking by feeling is inherently slow. It is further claimed that matching VAK predicates can build rapport with individuals. Some authors use internal Visual/Auditory/Kinesthetic strategies in order to categorize people within a thinking strategies or learning styles framework for instance, that there exist visual, kinesthetic or auditory types of manager. According to Menon the representational systems in NLP have a mystical origin and correspond with the vedic occult elements of air/fire (most people), water and earth (VAK).
The meta model of NLP is a set of thirteen language patterns developed from their observations of Virginia Satir and Fritz Perls, and is proposed as an information gathering tool, and to challenge (theoretical) distortions, generalizations or deletions in the speaker's language. The meta model can be reduced to the asking "What specifically", or "How specifically?" to clarify the thinking of a client (or unspecified syntactic elements)
The meta model involves the identification of the abandoned theoretical concepts of Chomsky's transformational grammar.
“These are the three features which are common to all human modeling processes: Deletion, Distortion, and Generalization. These are the universal processes of human modeling - the way that people create any representation of their experience" (Bandler and Grinder1 1975 page44).
However, in contrast with Chomsky's abandoned theory and with linguistics theory, distortions, generalizations and deletions are considered by Bandler and Grinder to be universally applicable to any language, and are applied directly as a prescription from untested theory to empirically untested application.
The inverse of the meta model is the Milton model a collection of "artfully vague" language patterns elicited from the work of Milton H. Erickson. It is said that the use of non-specific language patterns can allow the client to make their own meaning for what is being said.
Aside from the fundamental Meta model, Milton Model, and Representational Systems, NLP proponents also proposed methods for belief change, meta programs, the George A. Miller's T.O.T.E. model. Longstanding practitioners Robert Dilts and Judith Delozier claim that the SMART model, amongst others are also part of NLP.
New AgeProfessors Beyerstein and Lilienfeld class NLP as a New Age development, and Kelly says NLP was involved in the foundation of the New Age. This is partly due to related New Age notions that were common at the time of development, such as Dianetics promoted by Perls, the human potential theorist. According to Dilts, Grinder developed NLP rituals from the shamanic teachings of Carlos Castaneda, such as the the NLP double induction process, and perceptual positions, designed to move attention or energy to other realities.
Despite the lack of empirical evidence, NLP adherents continue to believe in its efficacy for personal and spiritual growth, and as such, NLP has been associated with New Alternative Religions and an alternative to Scientology, though its religiosity is more implied and it is less organized than the Church of Scientology.
Alternate brandsIndividual trainers have often introduced or idiosyncratically developed their own methods, concepts and labels, branding them under the "NLP" name:
Background
One of the earliest influences on NLP were General Semantics (Alfred Korzybski) as a new perspective for looking at the world which included a kind of mental hygiene . This was a departure from the Aristotelian concepts of modern science and objective reality, and it influenced notions of programming the mind. Korzybski General semantics influenced several schools of thought, leading to a viable human potential industry and associations with emerging New Age thinking. By the late 1960s, self-help organizations such as EST, Dianetics, and Scientology had become financially successful. The Esalen human potential seminars in California began to attract people, such as the therapist and dianetics proponent Fritz Perls, as well as Gregory Bateson, Virginia Satir, and Milton H. Erickson.
While at Kresge College, University of California, Santa Cruz, John Grinder then an Assistant Professor of linguistics was invited by Richard Bandler, then a fourth year undergraduate student to visit his Gestalt therapy group. Between 1973-1979, under the mentorship of Gregory Bateson, the co-founders collaborated, and published several books including The Structure of Magic Volumes I & II (1975, 1975a), Changing with families and Patterns of the Hypnotic Techniques of Milton H. Erickson, Volumes I & II (1977, 1978) based on the patterns of Fritz Perls, Virginia Satir, Milton H. Erickson.
The practice of neuro-linguistic programming attracted mostly therapists at first although it eventually attracted business people, sales people, artists, and "new-agers". As it expanded, Leslie Cameron-Bandler, Judith DeLozier, Stephen Gilligan, Robert Dilts, and David Gordon (Therapeutic Metaphors, 1978) made further contributions to NLP and the seminars of Bandler and Grinder were transcribed by Steve Andreas into a book, Frogs into Princes. This was published in 1979 and drove the demand for seminars which in turn became successful human potential attractions. A dispute between Bandler and Grinder over trademarks and copyright was resolved in court of California in 2000 who deemed NLP a generic term.
Applications
Much of NLP is now largely targeted for niche markets (particularly commercialized, cut down or self-help usage), and may be more controversial or esoteric, sometimes charismatically or evangelistically taught. Some of the original developers, notably Richard Bandler and the stage hypnotist Paul McKenna, have encouraged these trends and the resulting fragmentation and move towards "pop NLP" has discredited the subject in the eyes of many people.
NLP is sometimes applied to coaching and for personal or business development, including motivational communication and systems thinking. NLP is often promoted as large group seminars, similar to or in combination with Landmark Forum seminars Barrett (2001:238)states that "Like many alternative religions, particularly the Estoeric movements, there is a career ladder within NLP. Many people find the introductory seminar interesting and thirst for more. Practitioner training is the place to go next."
Some of these involve day long, or several day periods of large group awareness activities including the introduction of authority figure guest speakers and promotion of New Age products. For example, Anthony Robbins promotes NLP as a "systemic approach for change" through his seminars, and other products. NLP trainers and consultants are now applying NLP rituals and techniques in some HR application areas.
Dilts and Grinder (1999) have proposed that healing is facilitated by 1; Ritual 2; Prayer, and 3; Relationship to an authority or guardian angel. They propose that this applies equally throughout every healing situation. "Experts such as Beyerstein (1990p31) and consider NLP to be a fringe or alternative therapy . Although studies on NLP have failed to support its claimed effectiveness, NLP is used, or suggested as an approach, by a few mental health bodies, including the National Phobics Society of Great Britain, MIND, the British Stammering Association, the Center for Development & Disability at the University of New Mexico Center for autism. Around 1978, NLP practitioner certification was set up as a 20 day program with the aim of training therapists to apply NLP as an adjunct to their professional qualifications. In Europe, the European NLP therapy association has been promoting their training in line with European therapy standards. Barrett 2001:239) says that NLP promoters sell a biofeedback GSR meter which is "cheaper and perhaps more effective than the Scientology E-meter". The Handbook of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies and others classify NLP as a "dubious therapy".
On the questions of “does NLP work?” and “is NLP effective?” Singer cited the NRC research committee who stated that there was no evidence of its claimed effectiveness.
Von Bergen et al state that "in relation to current understanding of neurology and perception, NLP is in error", and Druckman et al (1988) say that "instead of being grounded in contemporary, scientifically derived neurological theory, NLP is based on outdated metaphors of brain functioning and is laced with numerous factual errors".
The 1988 US National Committee (a board of 14 prepared scientific experts) report found that "Individually, and as a group, these studies fail to provide an empirical base of support for NLP assumptions...or NLP effectiveness. The committee cannot recommend the employment of such an unvalidated technique". In addition, Edgar Johnson, technical director of the Army Research Institute heading the NLP focused Project Jedi stated that "Lots of data shows that NLP doesn't work". Heap (1989) says "NLP has failed to yield convincing evidence for the NLP model, and failed to provide evidence for its effectiveness".
Heap says "the conjecture that a person has a preferred representational system (PRS), which is observed in the choice of words, has been found to be false according to rigorous research reviews". "The assertion that a person has a PRS which can be determined by the direction of eye movements found even less support".
A single critique by Einspruch and Forman (1985) said that Sharpley's review of NLP contained methodological errors. However, Sharpley refuted this and provided further experimental evidence to demonstrate that NLP is ineffective and in error in both method and model.
Von Bergen et al state that "NLP does not stand up to scientific scrutiny". Thus, objective empirical studies and review papers have consistently shown NLP to be ineffective and reviews or meta-analysis have given NLP a conclusively negative assessment, and the reiterated statement is that there is no neuro-scientific basis for any of NLP's claims, or any scientific support for its claimed efficacy.
Efran and Lukens state that the "original interest in NLP turned to dissolusionment after the research and now it is rarely even mentioned in psychotherapy". Eisner (2000) states that "NLP proponents have provided not one iota of scientific support for their claims"
Devilly states that "controlled studies shed such a poor light on NLP and tho
http://www.martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/may2006/nlp1.html
No comments:
Post a Comment